Japan had its own untouchable caste, shunned and ostracized, historically referred to by the insulting term Eta, now called Burakumin. While modern law has officially abolished the class hierarchy, there are reports of discrimination against the Buraku or Burakumin underclasses.
Leva Patel (Leuva Patidar) is a sub-caste or community of Patidars in India, situated mainly in Gujarat. They had the highest position among the Patidar subcastes, due to their greater wealth and control of positions in commerce, education, and producer cooperatives.
ABSTRACT Indian Dalit literature, which can be traced back to a corpus of writings from Maharashtra in the 1960s, refers to literature of the oppressed, usually associated with a diverse group of people historically considered the lowest among the Indian population and known as “untouchables.” While Dalit literature
Untouchability is the practice of ostracising a group of people regarded as 'untouchables', resulting in the segregation and persecutions from the people regarded as "higher" caste. The term is most commonly associated with treatment of the Dalit communities in the Indian subcontinent.
The Neo Buddhist movement (also known as the Neo-Buddhist movement) is a religious as well as a socio-political movement among Dalits in India which was started by B. R. Ambedkar. It radically re-interpreted Buddhism and created a new school of Buddhism called Navayana.
Varna contextually means "colour, race, tribe, species, kind, sort, nature, character, quality, property" of an object or people in some Vedic and medieval texts. Varna refers to four social classes in the Manusmriti.
According to the anthropologist Kathleen Gough, "the Vellalars were the dominant secular aristocratic caste under the Chola kings, providing the courtiers, most of the army officers, the lower ranks of the kingdom's bureaucracy, and the upper layer of the peasantry".
The Vanniyars who previously were of the Backward Class category, were now designated as a Most Backward Caste after successful agitations by them in the 1980s entitling them to 20% reservations. The reason for the agitation and subsequent re-classification was to avail more government benefits for the community.
Maravar (also known as Maravan and Marava) are a Tamil community in the state of Tamil Nadu. They are classified as an Other Backward Class or a Denotified Tribe in Tamil Nadu, depending on the district. The Sethupathi rulers of the erstwhile Ramnad kingdom were from this community.
Chamar is a dalit community classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of affirmative action. Historically subject to untouchability, they were traditionally outside the Hindu ritual ranking system of castes known as varna.
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people in India. The terms are recognised in the Constitution of India and the groups are designated in one or other of the categories.
Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are educationally or socially disadvantaged. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with General Class, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs).
Cast. The village constitutes 37.38% of Schedule Caste and the village doesn't have any Schedule Tribe population.
The word dhobi is derived from the Hindi word dhona, which means 'to wash'. As such, Dhobi communities in many areas today come under the status of schedule caste (sc).
Nadar (also referred to as Nadan, Shanar and Shanan) is a Tamil caste of India. Nadars are classified and listed as an Other Backward Class by the governments of both Tamil Nadu and India.
As per the 2011 census of India, Bhil is the most populous tribe with a total population of 4,618, 068 constituting 37.7% of the total Schedulaed Tribe population.
List of Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh
| Caste | Population 2011 | Percentage among total S.C population |
|---|
| Bhuiya | 18,055 | 0.05% |
| Bhuiyar | 24,982 | 0.07% |
| Chamar, Jatav, Ahirwar, Kureel, Dhusia, Ramdasia, Ravidassia, Satnami | 22,496,047 | 54.3% |
| Chero (excluding Sonbhadra & Varanasi districts) | 32,405 | 0.1% |
Application on SC/ST quotaThe 'creamy layer' categorization was meant only for the OBCs until 30 September 2018 but now are also applied to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, it was argued that it is not on economic basis rather on the basis of untouchability or backwardness.
According to the Punjab volume of the Encyclopedia of India, "Khatri Sikhs are generally of the same sub-castes as Hindu Khatris. Sikhs do not believe in the division of classes, as enforced by the Hindu caste system that still operates in India today.
The Kayasthas today mostly inhabit central, eastern, northern India, and particularly Bengal. They are considered a Forward Caste, as they do not qualify for any of the reservation benefits allotted to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes that are administered by the Government of India.
In the book Ambedkar, citing Rigveda, Mahabharata and other ancient vedic scriptures, estimates that the Shudras were originally Aryans. There was a time when the Aryan society recognised only three Varnas, namely. Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. The Shudras did not form a separate Varna.
In Jewish tradition, the sudra was a twisted scarf worn around the neck. There is also evidence of Jews wearing the sudra on their heads like a keffiyeh or turban in Tractate Berakhot, Tractate Kiddushin, and Tractate Shabbat in the Babylonian Talmud.
The Manu Smriti is written by Bhrigu, a sage as per Dr B. R. Ambedkar during the peroid of Pushyamitra of Sangha. It was written keeping in mind the social pressures which was exerted because of the rise of Buddhism.
Social organization. By the late 19th-century, the caste system of Kerala had evolved to be the most complex to be found anywhere in India. The Nambudiri Brahmins were at the top of the ritual caste hierarchy and in that system outranked even the kings. They regarded all Nairs as Shudra.
Vokkaligas were considered non-Brahmin upper-castes. Therefore Vokkaligas along with other ruling castes like Bunts, Marathas and Nairs were classified as "Upper shudra"/"Sat shudra" during the British Raj.
