Newspapers are not scholarly sources, but some would not properly be termed popular, either. But some newspapers, such as The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, have developed a national or even worldwide reputation for thoroughness.
Newspaper Article (Retrieved Electronically)
- General Format:
- In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
- (Author's Last Name, year)
- In-Text Citation (Direct Quote):
- (Author's Last Name, year, page number)
- References:
- Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. ( Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title.
- Examples:
Basic rules
- Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper.
- Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.
- Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as the NYT and NYTimes) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership. Founded in 1851, the paper has won 127 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.
Provide the author name, article name in quotation marks, title of the Web magazine in italics, publisher name, publication date, medium of publication, and the date of access.
For all online scholarly journals, provide the author(s) name(s), the name of the article in quotation marks, the title of the publication in italics, all volume and issue numbers, and the year of publication. Include a DOI if available, otherwise provide a URL or permalink to help readers locate the source.
The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded and is controlled by the Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.
How to cite a website in APA style. APA website citations usually include the author, the publication date, the title of the page or article, and the URL. If there is no author, start the citation with the title of the article. If the page is likely to change over time, add a retrieval date.
How to format a paper in Chicago style
- Use a standard font like 12 pt. Times New Roman.
- Double-space the text.
- Use 1 inch margins or larger.
- Indent new paragraphs by ½ inch.
- Place page numbers in the top right or bottom center.
Although Chicago traditionally uses the headline style of capitalizing the first letter of each word in the title, sentence style is also acceptable. The article title is followed by the name of the newspaper, which is italicized and followed by a comma.
When citing a book in Chicago style, you usually have to include the author's name, the title of the book, publisher city, publisher name, and the year of publication. If there's more than one author, the first author's name is reversed, with a comma placed after the last name. Example: Last Name, First Name.
Chicago Citation Format
- Author's last name, first name, middle initial (if given).
- Title of document (in italics).
- Format (special presentation).
- Publisher city: publishing company, copyright date (if given).
- Source (From Library of Congress in normal font), Collection name (in italics).
- Medium.
Chicago/Turabian Referencing Guide
Include the following information: name of the interviewee and interviewer, place and date of the interview (if known), location of any tapes or transcripts (if known). Published interviews should be cited by citing the source where they were published (book, journal article, etc.).In citing oral histories, provide sufficient information to lead the interested reader to the physical location of the cited source: narrator name (as author); interviewer name; date and place of interview; type of interview material (i.e., audio cassette; open reel tape; compact disc, CD-ROM, DVD, transcript, etc.);
In order to provide an appropriate citation for a phone conversation in the Chicago style, you need the name of the person to whom you spoke, the words "phone conversation with author" and the date of the communication. This information will be included in the footnote that serves as your in-text citation.
Write "Anonymous" in place of the author's name in the parenthetical reference if it is used in the source, for example: ("Anonymous, 2008). Cite the source by its title if neither an author's name nor the word "anonymous" is present. Use an abbreviated title if the title is long.
If the image is a published photograph
Author First Name/Initial Surname, Photograph Title, Year Photo was Taken (if provided), in Book Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page or plate #. Bibliography: Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Photograph Title.Interviewee Name: (firstname middlename lastname), along with identifying information of interviewee, in parentheses (e.g. job title or company name). Exclude if interviewee wishes to remain anonymous. Place: or date of the interview.
Date of Access. When creating a Works Cited citation for a website, the date you accessed the material should be included. Date of access is listed day, month, and year and is included at the end of the citation. Example: Antin, David.
Include the author's last name, publication date, and the page number referenced. In Chicago Author-Date, you put a "," between the date and page numbers referenced. Use only the first author and "et al.", but list all authors in the bibliography.
In Chicago style, footnotes or endnotes are used to reference pieces of work in the text. To cite from a source a superscript number is placed after a quote or a paraphrase. Citation numbers should appear in sequential order. Each number then corresponds to a citation, a footnote or to an endnote.
Web Page with No Author (14.245 / pp.753-754)
- General Format.
- Full Note:
- Owner of Site, "Title of Page," date last modified or accessed, URL.
- Concise Note:
- Owner of Site, "Title of Page."
- Bibliography:
- Owner of Site. "Title of Page." Date last modified or accessed. URL.
- Example.
References to websites should include:
- Author or organisation responsible for the site, in CAPITALS.
- Title of the website (in italics)
- [online]
- Place of publication and publisher.
- The date the site was published or last updated.
- Date you viewed the website.
- The URL.
What is Chicago/Turabian. The Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page or at the end of a paper.
Include only the author, article title, newspaper title, date, and - for websites - the date you looked at it. Do not include the page numbers or URL. If you incorporate some of the citation information into your text, then only the remaining information needs to be included in the parentheses.
In Chicago style, footnotes or endnotes are used to reference pieces of work in the text. To cite from a source a superscript number is placed after a quote or a paraphrase. Citation numbers should appear in sequential order. Each number then corresponds to a citation, a footnote or to an endnote.
Turabian is the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style, aimed at high school and college students who are writing papers, theses, and dissertations that are not intended for publication. Turabian is written in Chicago style, but it's much shorter than CMOS.
