Ableism characterizes persons as defined by their disabilities and as inferior to the non-disabled. Urban Dictionary: “Ableism is the discrimination or prejudice against people who have disabilities.
A bigot is a person who is intolerant of opinions, lifestyles, or identities that are different from his or her own. Mostly, the person's opinions are based on prejudice.
The most common one is the fear of foreigner (people or objects). Concepts of xenophobia generally refer to “foreigner,” i.e., to someone or something that comes from somewhere else.
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership.
The word itself, even though it sounds ancient, is relatively new, entering the English language in the late 1800s, reports Italie. It's a combination of two Greek words, xénos, which means “stranger or guest,” and phóbos, which means “fear or panic.”
Xenophilia or xenophily is the love for, or attraction to, or appreciation of, foreign people, manners, customs, or cultures. It is the antonym of xenophobia or xenophoby.
1 : a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. 2 : the revival or perpetuation of an indigenous culture especially in opposition to acculturation.
The word 'indigenous' refers to the notion of a place-based human ethnic culture that has not migrated from its homeland, and is not a settler or colonial population. To be indigenous is therefore by definition different from being of a world culture, such as the Western or Euro-American culture.
A millennium (plural millennia or millenniums) is a period of one thousand years, sometimes called a kiloyear.
Although the causes of ethnocentric beliefs and actions can have varying roots of context and reason, the effects of ethnocentrism has had both negative and positive effects throughout history. The most detrimental effects of ethnocentrism resulting into genocide, apartheid, slavery, and many violent conflicts.
Xenocentrism is the preference for the products, style, culture, people, significant others, and food of others, rather than of one's own. Both xenocentrism and ethnocentrism are a subjective take on cultural relativism.
Surveys conducted in 2017 and 2019 have shown that 40 to nearly 50% of foreigners surveyed have experienced some form of discrimination.
Such incidents violate human rights and leave entire families homeless and destitute and do not afford due process such as arrest, trial and defense for those accused by communities. In addition to the destruction of property, reports also state that violence was directed against foreign nationals.
What do human rights have to do with it? The lack of promotion and protection of human rights creates an environment conducive to manifestations of xenophobia, and xenophobic acts are violations of human rights.
Xenophobia destroys the nation's economy structure that tourism might have built, reduces socio-economic benefits accrued to community residents through tourism enterprises. As the world is a global society several tiers of government should take vivid stands against several causes of xenophobia in the society.
South Africa has ratified numerous international instruments that place an onus on the State to ensure that it provides protection against all forms of discrimination, including xenophobia and xenophobic violence.
Corruption, poverty, high unemployment, and violent crime significantly restricted South Africans' enjoyment of their rights. Cuts to health and education services also compromised quality and access to these rights.
Practical Ways to Address Xenophobic Violence
- Develop domestic laws that address xenophobic violence alongside other forms of bias-motivated violence;
- Strengthen police and justice responses to xenophobic violence;
- Develop mechanisms to monitor and report on xenophobic violence; and.
- Reach out and build links with communities affected by xenophobic violence.
