The process of of dispersing or distributing decision making power to the smaller units is known as Decentralisation. Taking away the power from the Supreme level and the state level and giving it to the local level is called decentralisation.
Hindi is an official language but 21 other languages are recognised as scheduled languages in the Indian Constitution. 2. Every state is free to promote its language and culture. Any candidate sitting for an exam of Central Government can write in any of the prescribed languages.
There are a total of 121 languages and 270 mother tongues. The 22 languages specified in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India are given in Part A and languages other than those specified in the Eighth Schedule (numbering 99) are given in Part B.
An official language is a language given a special status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access to the government in their native languages.
language policy was adopted by the Indian federalism in the following way: (i) A second test for Indian federalism is the language policy. (ii) Our constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. (iii) Hindi was identified as the official language.
The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India.
Answer Expert Verified
- 1.No language has been given the status of national language by the Constitution of India.
- Hindi is the official language.
- There are 22 other languages which have been given the status of Scheduled Languages.
- State governments can do their official work in their own language.
The language policy of India: No language has been granted the status of a national language by our Constitution. As the official language, Hindi was identified. Just about 40 percent of Indians, however, have Hindi as their mother tongue.
The Federal Government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States with the governments of the individual U.S. states. The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial.
What is Panchayati Raj? Answer: Rural local government is popularly known by the name of Panchayati Raj. It has been divided into three tiers or three levels. At the village level, there is a Gram Panchayat; at the block level, there is a Block Committee and at the district level, there is a Zilla Parishad.
A union territory is a sort of organisational division in the Indian Republic. It is not like states, we know that states has their own governments, actually union territories are directly ruled by the Central Government. Union Territories are ruled by Lieutenant Governor who is appointed by the Central government.
“Centre-State relations” of Indian Federalism constitute the core of federalism and they are regulated by the provisions of the Constitution. (i) The division of powers between the Union and the States, as given in the Indian Constitution has a strong bias in favour of the Centre.
There are two or more levels of government. Different levels of government govern the same citizens, where each level has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration. Existence and authority of each level of government is constitutionally governed.
Key Features of Federalism:
- There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
- Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
Power shared between Central and State governments to local government is called the Decentralization of government. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing however varies from state to state.
It means that the states are divided on the basis of its regional languages. This is because India has many languages. So, for better and apt administration, the regions are divided on the basis of languages.
Language Policy contributes to the growth of the field by publishing high-quality studies that help build a sound theoretical understanding of the subject area. It presents papers that deal with the widest range of cases, situations and regions.
For example, at the dinner table, a parent might clear their throat when a child uses forbidden language with the intention of reprimanding and/or warning the child. While the clearing of the throat expresses, or instantiates, the policy, the act and the policy are still separate things.
A useful first step is to distinguish between the three components of the language policy of a speech community: (1) its language practices – the habitual pattern of selecting among the varieties that make up its linguistic repertoire; (2) its language beliefs or ideology – the beliefs about language and language use;
Language is a vital part of human connection. Although all species have their ways of communicating, humans are the only ones that have mastered cognitive language communication. Language allows us to share our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with others. It has the power to build societies, but also tear them down.
Formulation, Codification, Elaboration, and Implementation.
The field of language planning and policy (LPP) is concerned with the policies both explicit and implicit that influence what languages are spoken when, how, and by whom, as well as the values and rights associated with those languages.
These decisions influence the right to use and maintain languages, affect language status, and determine which languages are nurtured. Language policy and planning decisions have a major impact on language vitality and, ultimately, on the rights of the individual.
At the centre of the education system is the language policy in education which dictates the language used in disseminating knowledge at varied levels. This is because local languages are inimitable benefactors to social, political and economic development of any country.
