To step up or step down AC voltage using transformer(s)
Remember higher voltages mean lower currents. Voltages at the distribution end need to be stepped down for utilization by customers. Substations provide the necessary real-estate to install a transformer for power transmission and distribution.DC distribution is needed in Sub-station to provide power supply to Control & Protection equipment situated in Substation in case of outages/faults. Generally DC power is used for this purpose instead of AC, since the reaction time of the protective device is less, operating on DC supply.
The different types of substations mainly include Step-up Type Substation, Step-down Transformer, Distribution, Underground Distribution, Switchyard, Customer Substation, and System Station.
Is-1646-code of practice - Electrical Installation standard - transformer installation requirements, fire wall, substation design.
Single Line Diagram of 11kV Substation. The main function of the substation is to collect the energy transmitted at high voltage from the generating station and then reduce the voltage to an appropriate value for local distribution and gives facilities for switching.
A bay of a substation is a part of a substation containing extra-high (or high) voltage switching devices and connections of a power line, a power transformer, etc., to the substation busbar system(s) as well as protection, control, and measurement devices for the power line, the power transformer, etc.
Current Transformers (CT) and Potential Transformers (PT) used in substations for measurement and protection purpose. So CT and PT is used to step down the value of current and voltage respectively. This proportionate low value of current and voltage can be measure with the help of ammeter and voltmeter.
A switching substation, or switchyard, is a substation without transformers that operates only at a single voltage level. Switchyards, used mainly for connections and interconnections, are essential for transmission, distribution, collection, and controlling the flow of electricity.
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload of electricity or short circuit. A circuit breakers function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.
Classification of Substations by Operating Voltage
High Voltage Substations (HV Substations) – Involving voltages between 11 KV and 66 KV. Extra High Voltage Substations – Involving voltages between 132 kV and 400 KV. Ultra High Voltage – Operating voltage above 400 KV.Conduct planning meetings for the new power substation. Perform load flow power studies. Determine the substation size and total footprint required (with equipment), including transmission right of way (ROW). Determine substation configuration (Single Bus, Main/Transfer Bus, Ring Bus, etc.).
Electrical switchgear refers to a centralized collection of circuit breakers, fuses and switches (circuit protection devices) that function to protect, control and isolate electrical equipment.
The electrical power system consists of three major components: generation, a high voltage transmission grid, and a distribution system. The high voltage transmission system links the generators to substations, which supply power to the user through the distribution system.
The electricity is transmitted at very high voltages and low currents to reduce the heat, eddy currents, and other transmission losses. The substations are where the voltages are increased to high values by using step up transformers, and after the transmission, they are again stepped down for distribution.
Why be concerned? Substations are not hazardous because they are substations. It is because they are surrounded by electromagnetic fields that the equipment and cables they contain produce, that they have to be treated with caution.
Outdoor substation without enclosure
One functional unit for the supply and the protection of the MV/LV power transformer generally done by a circuit breaker unit.The primary substations are the interconnection between high voltage and medium voltage. The secondary substations are the interconnection between medium and low voltage. SEA produces HV/MV, MV/MV, MV/LV transformers, both liquid immersed and dry type.
A kilovolt-ampere (kVA) is 1000 volt-amperes. Electrical power is measured in watts (W): The voltage times the current measured each instant. But for reactive loads, the voltage and current are out of phase and the volt-ampere spec will be greater than the wattage.
Smart substations for smart grid: protection, control, and information management. Substation protection and control (P&C) intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are the power system eyes and ears operating within and around these substations.
The indoor substation is a gas insulated substation which uses SF6 gas as the insulating medium. All the components that you see in the outdoor substation are housed inside chambers which contains the SF6 gas. The size of the substation is reduced drastically when using GIS. 1.8k views · View 2 Upvoters.
An electrical grid station is an interconnection point between two transmission ring circuits, often between two geographic regions. They might have a transformer, depending on the possibly different voltages, so that the voltage levels can be adjusted as needed.
